Monday, November 25, 2013

Natural lungs of the world...


Most significant Rain Forests in the world


Rainforests are the forests who get the high rainfall throughout the year between 1750-2000 mm. The monsoon trough plays an important role in creating these rain forests. Rainforests have a large amount of unique plants, animals, insects and microorganisms and some are still undiscovered. These rainforests are the jewels of the Earth, because natural medicines are there and 28% of oxygen turnover is because of them. Normally rainforests have two types that are tropical and temperate rainforest.
There are a large number of rainforests in the world, and they affect our global climate very much due to the fact that they absorb a vast quantity of carbon dioxide, they are a source of timber and animal products for us, they are also tourist attractions. So people here we have this list about the top 10 rainforests of the world and if you ever get a chance to visit them, you really should do that!

1. Daintree, Australia

 
They have the coolest reef system and is a tropical rainforest. It is said that they contain 30% of the frogs, marsupial and reptile species plus 65% of bat and butterfly species and 18% bird species are found here. Over 12000 species of insects are also found in this rainforest.

2. Ecuador’s Cloud forests

This is lush and cooler than the lowland rainforests and these have less mammal species but have the El Monte reserve of Central American Agouti, Ocelot, Margay, Red Brocket Deer, Paca, Tayra, Andean Coati, Three-Toed Sloth and White Fronted Capuchin Monkeys.

 

3. The Amazon Rainforests



This one is called the home to the largest rainforest of the earth. This covers the 40% of the South American continent that includes countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname. This is made of different types of ecosystems and vegetation types like rainforests, seasonal forests, deciduous forests, flooded forests and savannas.


4. Alaska’s rainforests




These are the temperate type rainforests and have the unique species of plants and animals here like the tall stands of spruce, hemlock and cedar trees and mosses, wild flowers and berries of different types are found here. This one is really perfect for the nature lovers. 

 

5. Sapo National Park, Liberia




This is also a virgin rainforest and a humid one, they have the unique species of vegetation like choleras and flesh-eating micro-organisms. But this one is really a human threat forest like while visiting this place, inform the authorities before going there.


6. The Mount Kinabalu National Park, Malaysia



                       

This park is the botanical paradise of flora and fauna and has variety or species of plants like 4,500 and 289 species of birds and 290 types of butterflies including the Kinabalu Giant red Leech and Giant Earthworms.



7. The Monteverade Forest, Costa Rica



This one has a canopy-level cloud cover and a continuous supply of moisture which raises the plant production here. This forest is abundant with vegetation and unique animals including reptiles, mammals and birds like three-wattled bellbird, bare-necked umbrellabird, keel-billed toucan, long tailed manakin and howler monkeys.


8. Montecristo cloud Forest, El Salvador



This is a very thick and protective forest and has many rare species of animals and plants like ferns, oaks, laurels, orchids, owls, spider monkeys, anteaters, pumas and toucans.


9. Sinharaja Forest, Srilanka


This is located in the south-west Sri Lanka. It has more than 60% of endemic and rare trees. They have the most unique species of birds and animals. This is known as the virgin forest with natural streams, springs, rivers, waterfalls, animals like leopard, monkeys, insects like butterflies and moths and has the plants like medicinal herbs and rare trees and shrubs.


10. Emas National Park and Chapada Dos Veadeiros, Brazil


These are located in the Center-West Region of Brazil and have a cerrado ecosystem and have a large amount of unique wildlife in it. Animals like the giant anteater, giant armadillo, maned wolf, and jaguar and pampas deer are present there. These are known for their rich vegetation and wildlife.

Tuesday, November 12, 2013

Blood groups..

WHAT IS YOUR BLOOD GROUP ??

What is blood made up of?

An adult human has about 4–6 liters of blood circulating in the body. Among other things, blood transports oxygen to various parts of the body.
Blood consists of several types of cells floating around in a fluid called plasma.
The red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen. Red blood cells transport oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body tissues.
 The white blood cells fight infection.
The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get a wound for example.
The plasma contains salts and various kinds of proteins.


 The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and the antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have different types and combinations of these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.
There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the AB0 and Rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals.


According to the AB0 blood group system there are four different kinds of blood groups;
  1. group A
  2. group B
  3. group AB
  4. group O

 Blood group A
If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
 Blood group B
If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group AB
If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.
 Blood group 0
If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.


People with blood group 0 Rh - are called "universal donors" and people with blood group AB Rh+ are called "universal receivers."




  Blood Group
Antigens
Antibodies
Can give blood to
Can receive blood from
AB Rh+ A, B and Rh None AB Rh+ AB Rh+
AB Rh -
A Rh+
A Rh -
B Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -
AB Rh - A and B None
(Can develop Rh antibodies)
AB Rh -
AB Rh+
AB Rh -
A Rh -
B Rh -
0 Rh -
A Rh+ A and Rh B A Rh+
AB Rh+
A Rh+
A Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -
A Rh - A B
(Can develop Rh antibodies)
A Rh -
A Rh+
AB Rh -
AB Rh+
A Rh -
0 Rh -
B Rh+ B and Rh A B Rh+
AB Rh+
B Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh-
B Rh - B A
(Can develop Rh antibodies)
B Rh-
B Rh+
AB Rh-
AB Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh -
0 Rh+ Rh A and B 0 Rh+
A Rh+
B Rh+
AB Rh+






0 Rh+
0 Rh -
0 Rh - None A and B (Can develop Rh antibodies) AB Rh+
AB Rh -
A Rh+
A Rh -
B Rh+
B Rh -
0 Rh+
0 Rh -
0 Rh -

Friday, November 1, 2013

Do you know.....?

Mediterranean Sea 

                   

The Mediterranean sea is the largest inland sea in the world, extends for over 2000 miles from the Strait of Gibraltar eastward to Palestine. It falls naturally into two basins separated by a submarine ridge joining southern Italy & Tunisia. From this ridge rise the island of Sicily & Malta, occupying an important strategic position between the two Mediterranean basins.


 The Mediterranean sea has played an important part in history, for around its shores the first great empires were established, each in turn playing its part in the cultural development of the world. some of great empires which at various periods dominated lands bordering the Mediterranean were the Egyptian, Phoenicians, Persians, Assyrian, Greek & Roman empires. The Roman empire at one time ruled all the lands bordering both the eastern & western Mediterranean which virtually became a " Roman Sea".